Generación de raíces transformadas y análisis fitoquímico preliminar en la planta medicinal Bidens odorata Cav.
Resumen
Se desarrolló un protocolo exitoso de propagación masiva in vitro para Bidens odorata Cav. mediante el cultivo de segmentos nodales en medio de Murashige y Skoog adicionado con citocininas. Los mejores resultados fueron 5.5 ± 0.4 brotes por explante con benciladenina y 4.9 ± 0.3 con N6-(2-isopentenil)-adenina. También se evaluó su susceptibilidad a la transformación genética con tres cepas de Agrobacterium rhizogenes. La mejor fue la cepa A4/pESC4, a una densidad bacteriana de 107 UFC mL-1, que generó los cultivos de raíces transformadas estables y de crecimiento activo, con una acumulación de biomasa de 4.8 veces el inóculo inicial a la tercera semana de cultivo. La verificación de la transformación se hizo histoquímicamente mediante la prueba de GUS, siendo positiva desde un 7 hasta un 82 % de las raíces evaluadas; así como molecularmente, mediante la amplificación de los fragmentos correspondientes a los genes rolB, gus y nptII. El escrutinio fitoquímico realizado mediante cromatografía en capa fina reveló la capacidad biosintética que tienen las raíces transformadas para sintetizar compuestos de tipo alcaloide, derivados de antraceno, aceites esenciales, flavonoides, saponinas, de tipo glicósido de diterpeno dulce o esteroide y triterpenos. Estos están presentes en la parte aérea o en raíces de plantas de B. odorata, por lo que estos tejidos pueden ser una opción viable para la obtención de metabolitos de interés farmacológico.Citas
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