Frequency and genetic variability of Fusarium oxysporum mating types
Resumen
El género Fusarium comprende una gran cantidad de especies cosmopolitas, muchas de las cuales son patógenos importantes de cultivos de interés agronómico. El análisis molecular de los genes del tipo de apareamiento (MAT) es una herramienta útil para estudiar los estilos de vida reproductivos y las relaciones entre especies. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el tipo de idiomorfos de MAT (MAT1-1 y/o MAT1-2) en aislados de Fusarium oxysporum, F. nygamai, F. thapsinum y F. verticillioides obtenidos de 20 sitios distribuidos en la zona central de México afectando cultivos de trigo y de garbanzo, y evaluar su variabilidad de secuencias. Las reacciones de PCR de 110 aislados revelaron que 66 presentaron el idiomorfo MAT1-1 y 44 presentaron el idiomorfo MAT1-2, pero ningún aislado mostró ambos idiomorfos. Los idiomorfos MAT1-1 y MAT1-2, de diferentes o de la misma especie de Fusarium, coincidieron en el mismo campo de cultivo de varios sitios. Las secuencias seleccionadas de los dos idiomorfos mostraron mayor divergencia entre especies que dentro de la misma especie. Estos cambios fueron mayores en las regiones no codificantes que en las regiones codificantes. La variación de los genes de tipo de apareamiento y la coexistencia de ambos idiomorfos en el mismo sitio agrícola, apuntan a un posible futuro cambio en la virulencia de los aislados de Fusarium. En general, estos hallazgos ayudarán a comprender mejor la variabilidad genética de algunas especies de Fusarium en México.
Citas
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