Compuestos fenólicos, capacidad antioxidante y actividad antihipertensiva de membrillo (<i>Cydonia oblonga</i> Miller) cultivado en Zacatecas, México

Jesús Aguayo Rojas

doi:10.18387/polibotanica.57.12

Jesús Aguayo Rojas Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.57.12

Palabras clave: Fitoquímicos, capacidad antioxidante, actividad antihipertensiva, flavonoides

Resumen

Las frutas contienen niveles altos de compuestos biológicamente activos que imparten beneficios a la salud, Zacatecas ocupa los primeros lugares en producción de membrillo a nivel nacional. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el contenido y perfiles de compuestos fenólicos, así como las propiedades antioxidante y antihipertensiva del membrillo cultivado en Zacatecas. Se realizaron extractos metanólicos para evaluar la capacidad antioxidante y se determinó por los métodos DPPH y ABTS. La actividad antihipertensiva fue evaluada mediante la inhibición de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina I, presentando una inhibición del 45% y el perfil de compuestos fenólicos se determinó por HPLC-DAD. El contenido de flavonoides y taninos fue de 422 y 250 mg equivalentes de catequina/100 g (bs); para fenólicos totales fue de 122 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/100 g (bs) y para cumarinas de 46 mg equivalentes de cumarina/100 g (bs). En cuanto a la capacidad antioxidante, se obtuvieron niveles de 6,853 y 11,050 μmol equivalentes de Trolox/100 g (bs) para DPPH y ABTS, respectivamente. Se identificaron cuatro tipos de flavonoides catequina, quercetina, rutina y mericetina y dos tipos de ácidos fenólicos ferúlico y sinápico, estos compuestos fenólicos pueden ser los responsables de los beneficios a la salud del membrillo.

Citas

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