Germinación asimbiótica, conservación ex situ e in vitro regeneración de plantas de Catasetum integerrimum Hook

Guadalupe López Puc

doi:10.18387/polibotanica.53.9

Guadalupe López Puc Centro de investigación y asistencia en tecnología y diseño del estado de Jalisco AC

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.53.9

Resumen

La deforestación y colecta ilegal de plantas ha generado la necesidad de plantear alternativas para conservar los recursos genéticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue la conservación ex situ de Catasetum integerrimum Hook., especie de orquídea cuyo hábitat está en América Central y México. Las etapas de este reporte fueron la germinación asimbiótica de Catasetum Integerrimum Hook. para la obtención de plántulas para la regeneración in vitro y la conservación ex situ por el método de lento crecimiento. La regeneración fue establecida para multiplicar las plantas cuando sea necesario reintegrarlas a su hábitat. La germinación asimbiótica, se estudió evaluando cuatro formulaciones de medios basales: medio basal MS con fuerza iónica con macro y micronutrientes y vitaminas (Murasghige y Skoog., 1962), MS con macro y micronutrientes sin vitaminas, Medio basal para orquídeas con carbón activado y polvo de plátano y el medio basal Knudson. Las condiciones para el crecimiento lento se establecieron evaluando el efecto de la concentración del medio basal MS y el efecto de tres fuentes de carbono: sorbitol, manitol y sacarosa, a 1, 2 y 3%. La regeneración de plantas se evaluó mediante el uso de tres tipos de explante y el efecto individual de la N⁶-furfuriladenina (Kinetina) y bencilaminopurina (BAP) a tres concentraciones. Las semillas de Catasetum Integerrimum Hook. germinaron exitosamente en el medio basal MS sin vitaminas. El uso del medio basal MS a la mitad de su fuerza iónica suplementado sorbitol al 2% permitió conservar las plántulas en condiciones de lento crecimiento. La regeneración de Catasetum integerrimum Hook. se indujo mediante organogénesis adventicia directa a partir de explante de nudo en medio basal MS suplementado con 4.43 o 9.29 µM de BAP. Organogénesis adventicia indirecta ocurrió a partir de raíz en medio basal MS suplementado con 4.64 o 9.29 µM de Kinetina.

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