Evaluación de extractos de árboles endemicos (Magnolia spp.) de México contra la plaga de la mosca de la fruta y estudio fitoquímico preliminar

  • Suria Gisela Vásquez Morales UNIVERSIDAD DE GUANAJUATO

Resumen

La plaga mosca de la fruta, ocasionada por Tefrítidos, afecta gravemente a los cultivos frutales en el mundo. El manejo integrado de la plaga incluye la aspersión de insecticidas sintéticos de amplio espectro. Debido a los efectos negativos a largo plazo del uso de insecticidas sintéticos, se han propuesto bioinsecticidas como nuevas alternativas ecológicas. En este estudio, se evaluó el potencial insecticida de Magnolia perezfarrerae, M. pugana y M. vovidesii contra Anastrepha ludens y A. obliqua. Además, se realizaron análisis químicos cualitativos para explorar la composición de los extractos crudos de sarcotesta de cuatro especies de Magnolia con efectividad insecticida. Los bioensayos de alimentación en individuos adultos consistieron en una mezcla de azúcar y extractos crudos de sarcotesta de Magnolia spp. Los perfiles químicos cualitativos se realizaron mediante cromatografía en capa fina usando siete sistemas de polaridad. Además, se identificaron grupos de metabolitos secundarios mediante análisis cualitativos. La efectividad insecticida de los extractos de Magnolia fue mayor al 93% contra A. ludens, por el contrario, la efectividad contra A. obliqua fluctuó desde el 66% hasta 92% en M. perezfarrerae y M. vovidesii, respectivamente. Los extractos de Magnolia mostraron una amplia diversidad de compuestos de diferentes polaridades. Además, se detectó la presencia de alcaloides, flavonoides y fenoles en todas las especies de Magnolia. Las propiedades insecticidas de Magnolia pueden contribuir al manejo integrado de la mosca de la fruta.

Citas

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Publicado
2022-02-14
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Vásquez Morales, S. (2022). Evaluación de extractos de árboles endemicos (Magnolia spp.) de México contra la plaga de la mosca de la fruta y estudio fitoquímico preliminar. POLIBOTÁNICA, 1(53). https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.53.11
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