Establecimiento <i>in vitro</i> de pascuita (<i>Euphorbia leucocephala</i> Lotsy) e inducción de callos y tallos bajo diferentes colores de luz led

María Teresa Colinas León; Carlos de Jesus Morales Becerril; Ramón Marcos Soto Hernández; María Teresa Martínez Damián; Natanael Magaña Lira; José Luis Rodríguez de la O

doi:10.18387/polibotanica.58.13

María Teresa Colinas León Universidad Autónoma Chapingo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2617-5928
Carlos de Jesus Morales Becerril Universidad Autónoma Chapingo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-6457
Ramón Marcos Soto Hernández Colegio de Postgraduados https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8577-7991
María Teresa Martínez Damián Universidad Autónoma Chapingo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7204-2133
Natanael Magaña Lira Universidad Autónoma Chapingo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-5060
José Luis Rodríguez de la O Universidad Autónoma Chapingo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-9984

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.58.13

Palabras clave: Euphorbia leucocephala, cultivo in vitro, Organogenesis indirecta, Iluminación LED

Resumen

La pascuita (Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy) es una especie vegetal con uso ornamental durante la temporada navideña. Si bien su producción en masa ha ido en aumento, la nula existencia de variedades agronómicas y de protocolos de reproducción vegetativa eficientes son los principales retos que envuelven a esta especie. La generación de un protocolo de reproducción in vitro por organogénesis indirecta representa un primer paso para abordar ambos retos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los efectos de tres colores de luz LED y diferentes concentraciones de benciladenina (BA) y ácido indol-3-acético (AIA) sobre la formación de callos de pascuita y posterior generación de tallos adventicios. Bajo un experimento factorial se probó el efecto de 9 y 12 µM de BA; 5, 8 y 11 µM de AIA agregados al medio de cultivo y luz LED blanca, roja y azul (10 µmol m^-2 s^-1 y 16 h fotoperiodo), sobre la generación de callos y posterior formación de tallos adventicios en fragmentos de verticilo de pascuita establecidos en medio WPM. Los resultados mostraron que es posible generar callos bajo todos los tratamientos evaluados, la luz roja aceleró este proceso. Los callos formados con 5 µM de AIA y 9 o 12 µM BA fueron los primeros en formar tallos adventicios y únicamente bajo luz roja se observó un 100% de callos con tallos formados. El número y longitud de los tallos estuvo en función de las interacciones entre los tratamientos hormonales y luminosos. Se concluye que es posible generar callos bajo cualquiera de los tratamientos hormonales y luminosos evaluados y que la luz roja acelera la formación de callos y tallos adventicios de pascuita con características deseables.

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