Silicon induces positive responses at the biochemical and gene expression levels in tomato plants inoculated with <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>

Antonio Juárez-Maldonado

doi:10.18387/polibotanica.57.13

Antonio Juárez-Maldonado Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.57.13

Palabras clave: actividad enzimática, compuestos antioxidantes, estrés biótico, expresión de genes de defensa, fitohormonas

Resumen

Las plantas de tomate infestadas por Fusarium oxysporum (Fol) muestran limitaciones en rendimiento y calidad de frutos. La aplicación de ácido silícico podría ser una alternativa para mitigar los daños causados por este patógeno. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto del ácido silícico en plantas de tomate variedad “Rio Grande” inoculadas con Fol. Se aplicó ácido silícico vía foliar semanalmente en plantas de tomate (diez aplicaciones). Los tratamientos consistieron en ácido silícico + Fol, ácido silícico, Fol y un control absoluto. Se determinó la incidencia y severidad de la marchitez de Fol, el contenido de compuestos antioxidantes (licopeno, β caroteno, clorofilas, vitamina C, glutatión reducido, fenoles, flavonoides, antioxidantes totales y proteínas), actividad enzimática (APX, CAT, GPX y SOD), PAL, ácido salicílico y jasmónico, y la expresión de genes que participan en la síntesis de PR1, JA, GAME1, PAL5-3, ET y ABA. En las plantas tratadas con ASi+Fol, en comparación con las plantas inoculadas con Fol, se redujo la incidencia de la enfermedad en un 32% y la severidad en un 22%. También presentaron un incremento de clorofila a, b y total (49.1, 59.4 y 46.7%, respectivamente), así como de flavonoides (24.6%), las plantas sobreexpresaron los genes que participan en la síntesis de PR1, JA, GAME1, PAL5-3, ET y ABA, a los 31 ddt, indujeron una reducción de glutatión reducido, capacidad antioxidante por DPPH, CAT, ácido jasmónico y la expresión de todos los genes evaluados en este trabajo a los 73 ddt. Las plantas tratadas con ASi, en comparación con Fol, presentaron un incremento de proteínas, licopeno, vitamina C (30.3, 65.0, 52.7%, respectivamente), clorofilas y la expresión de PAL5-3 (31 ddt), GAME1 y ET (73 ddt). En el caso de Fol, se apreció mayor concentración de vitamina C, fenoles, DPPH, PAL, CAT, GPX, ácido salicílico y jasmónico, y ligeramente un incremento de la expresión de JA, GAME1, PAL5-3 y ABA (73 ddt), pero también indujo una reducción en la concentración de flavonoides, clorofilas y la expresión de los seis genes determinados en este trabajo a 31 ddt. Por su parte las plantas T0, comparado con Fol, se observó aumento de proteínas, licopeno, flavonoides (33.1, 62.0, 27.8%, respectivamente), así como clorofilas, y la expresión de todos los genes analizados a los 31 ddt, a excepción de ET. La aplicación foliar de ácido silícico disminuyó los efectos negativos causados por Fol a través del aumento de compuestos antioxidantes y cambios en la expresión de los genes relacionados con el sistema de defensa en plantas de tomate.

Citas

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El silicio induce respuestas positivas a nivel bioquímico y de expresión de genes en plantas de tomate inoculadas con Fusarium oxysporum

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