Phylogenetic relationships of Phaseolus species from méxico based on chloroplastic DNA markers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.53.3Keywords:
Chloroplast DNA sequencing, genetic relationships, germplasm collection, phylogeny, wild beansAbstract
The genus Phaseolus is one of the most representative genetic resources from Mexico. From the more than 70 species known and distributed throughout the Americas, nearly half are endemic to the Mexican territory. To elucidate the phylogeny and endemism of Phaseolus spp. throughout our country more research is needed where the less known species are also included. The aims of this study were to collect germplasm of Phaseolus species through Mexico and to determine their molecular phylogenetic relationships. The selected germplasm (34 accessions) comprised 19 species, including two subspecies of P. coccineus (P. coccineus griseus and P. coccineus striatus). Three species in this collection (P. albiviolaceus, P. maculatifolius and P. rotundatus) had not been studied before. All samples were analyzed with five non-coding regions of chloroplastic DNA amplified by PCR, and amplified fragments were sequenced. Sequences were aligned and then both individually and jointly analyzed by three phylogenetic methods (Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities). For cluster analysis the cpDNA full sequence of Vigna radiata was obtained from GenBank and its homologous sequences were added as outgroup. Cluster analysis confirmed with strong bootstrap support that the genus Phaseolus is a monophyletic group which subdivides into two major lineages: one includes P. pluriflorus, P. esperanzae, P. pedicellatus, P. microcarpus, P. glabellus, P. oligospermus, P. gladiolatus, P. zimapanensis and P. albiviolaceus; and the other includes P. filiformis, P. acutifolius, P. vulgaris, P. coccineus striatus, P. coccineus griseus, P. macvaughii, P. leptostachyus, P. lunatus, P. maculatus, P. maculatifolius and P. rotundatus. The topology of the distal subclades in all dendrograms obtained generally agrees with the topology of Phaseolus recognized to this date, which was obtained by ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnK locus analysis. The exception was P. albiviolaceus, a species not studied before, which according to traditional morphological criteria belongs to the Pedicellatus group but that in this study appeared with the Tuerckheimii group. The other two species that were characterized for the first time (P. maculatifolius and P. rotundatus) both of which were clustered within the Polystachios group.
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