Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Leucaena esculenta and L. leucocephala seed from the community of Tlayacapan, Morelos (Mexico).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.52.12Keywords:
Antimicrobial activity, Leucaena leucocephala, L. esculenta, medicinal plants, Tlayacapan, Morelos.Abstract
Leucaena esculenta and L. leucocephala (Fabaceae) are commonly species known in Mexico as "guajes" and used as food and medicinal resources to alleviate different infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of L. esculenta and L. leucocephala seeds from the community of Tlayacapan Morelos. The extracts were obtained through the maceration technique and reduced by vacuum distillation. The antimicrobial activity was determined qualitatively and quantitatively in 20 bacterial strains, 3 yeast strains and 4 strains of mycelial fungi. In qualitative tests, antimicrobial activity was found in 6 bacterial strains, 1 strain of yeast fungi and 4 of mycelial fungi. Using the broth microdilution technique, Escherichia coli CUSI showed MIC values of 2000 and 3000 μg / mL for L. leucocephala and L. esculenta respectively and for Staphylococcus aureus CUSI, MIC = 4000 and 2000 μg / mL for methanolic extracts of L. leucocephala and L. esculenta respectively. The MBC values for the kinetics of death (6000 μg / mL for L. leucocephala and 4000 μg / mL for L. esculenta) had a significant effect in the first hours of treatment. Meanwhile, C. glabrata was susceptible to methanolic extracts with MFC values of 4000 μg / mL (L. leucocephala) and 6000 μg / mL (L. esculenta). In radial growth inhibition technique, it was reported that the lowest values of CF50 correspond to the acetonic extracts of seeds (L. lecucocephala = 2.28 mg / mL and L. esculenta = 2.72 mg / mL) having a significant effect against strains Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Aspergillus niger, respectively. In qualitative tests for the determination of secondary metabolites, the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, monoterpenes, steroids, saponins and phenolic compounds were found, which report antimicrobial potential. The methanolic and acetonic extracts from the seeds of both guajes showed significant biological activity on different strains of bacteria and fungi, thus validating the medicinal use of this resource by the Tlayacapan community.
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