Diversidad genética y estructura genética del paisaje de Capsicum annuum L., de poblaciones silvestres, de traspatio y cultivadas en un ambiente heterogéneo en Oaxaca, México
Diversidad genética y estructura genética del paisaje de Capsicum annuum L., de poblaciones silvestres, de traspatio y cultivadas en un ambiente heterogéneo en Oaxaca, México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.53.6Keywords:
C. annuum, proceso de domesticación, diversidad genética, cuellos de botella poblacionales, tamaño efectivo de la población.Abstract
Las especies domesticadas, han sido expuestas durante su evolución a presiones que ocurrieron a diferentes intensidades y regulan la variación de la estructura genética, fenotípica y la divergencia entre poblaciones cultivadas y silvestres. Analizamos la diversidad genética, la estructura, la endogamia, el tamaño efectivo de la población, los cuellos de botella poblacionales y la divergencia del nicho ecológico, de poblaciones silvestres, de traspatio y cultivadas de Capsicum annuum. Analizamos, 13 poblaciones en Oaxaca, México, usando marcadores de microsatélites nucleares. C. annuum, mostró niveles más altos de diversidad genética en poblaciones silvestres, de traspatio y cultivadas. Eso indica, una fuerte selección que ocurre en diferentes fenotipos lo que podría generar variedades genéticamente diversos, lo que ha favorecido la adaptación de las poblaciones a su entorno y ambientes específicos. Los chiles domesticados, en hábitats agrícolas tradicionales, contienen variedades genéticas únicas y por lo tanto, actúan como reservorios de variación genética y conservan la biodiversidad. La endogamia genética y el tamaño efectivo de la población no son demasiado bajos para ser dañinos genéticamente. Es necesario, iniciar programas de selección de variedades de chile, para rescatar algunas características interesantes, para ampliar la base genética de los cultivos. La inclusión, de germoplasma genéticamente diverso puede ser utilizada en programas de mejoramiento mediante la selección de algunas características de interés. La diferenciación genética, es moderada en poblaciones de C. annuum, encontramos cuatro regiones geográficas con una gran estructura genética para poblaciones de C. annum. Podemos sugerir, que en las poblaciones de chile, una fuerte selección podría generar variedades genéticamente divergentes. Sugerimos, que la complejidad climática y los gradientes altitudinales en el estado de Oaxaca podrían promover la biodiversidad, la domesticación y la diversificación del chile.
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Diversidad genética y estructura genética del paisaje de Capsicum annuum L., de poblaciones silvestres, de traspatio y cultivadas en un ambiente heterogéneo en Oaxaca, México: Diversidad genética y estructura genética del paisaje de Capsicum annuum L., de poblaciones silvestres, de traspatio y cultivadas en un ambiente heterogéneo en Oaxaca, México. (2022). POLIBOTANICA, 1(53). https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.53.6
