Chemical profiling of the urticating trichomes from Cnidoscolus multilobus (“mala mujer”) and their antimicrobial activity
Keywords:
Cnidoscolus multilobus, endogenous fluid, histamine, serotonin, organic acids, antimicrobial.Abstract
Cnidoscolus multilobus (Euphorbiacaeae) is a stinging plant widely distributed in the south of Mexico. The main objective of this work was to reveal the inflammatory-inducing toxins contained in the prickles of Cnidoscolus multilobus and its possible ecological role as antimicrobials. The chemical characterization and quantification of the toxins was performed by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD. Simultaneously, the endogenous fluid and its most abundant compounds were individually tested against opportunistic phytophatogens. According to our results, the fluid contained histamine (17.3-28.4 µg mL-1), dimethylethylamine (1.7-3.6 µg mL-1), acetylcholine (0.6-1.3 µg mL-1), serotonin (24.6-45.8 µg mL-1), oxalic acid (2.2-9.6 µg mL-1) and formic acid (0.9-4.7 µg mL-1). The in vitro growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci TBR2004 (MIC, 122.2 µL mL-1), P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (MIC, 105.8 µL mL-1), Fusarium oxysporum ATCC 62506 (MIC, 97.4 µL mL-1) and Phytophthora capsici ATCC 15399 (MIC, 163.2 µL mL-1) was inhibited by the natural fluid whereas that of Clavibacter michiganensis AB299158 was not modified. The individual assessment of the main compounds dissolved in the fluid revealed histamine as an overlooked antimicrobial agent (145.1-219.5 µL mL-1). According to our results, the pain-inducing toxins from the prickles of C. multilobus are not only toxic for mammal species but also for some opportunistic phytopathogens.
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