Effect of salicylic acid on increase of biomass and reducing sugars in Agave cupreata and Agave salmiana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.60.19Keywords:
agave, sugars, biomass, salycilic acidAbstract
In Mexico, the Agave genus is of socioeconomic, agroecological, and cultural importance due to its multiple uses, including the production of beverages such as tequila, mezcal, bacanora, and pulque. The quantity and type of sugars contained in the stem determine the quality and quantity of the alcohol produced. However, the agave reproductive cycle is very long (7-35 years). To accelerate the growth of these plants, it is important to seek efficient and ecological strategies. In this sense, salicylic acid (SA) is a growth-regulating hormone, and its application could enhance agave metabolism. The objective of this word was evaluate the effect of different SA concentrations on the increase in reducing sugars and biomass in Agave cupreata and A. salmiana plants grown in a semi-hydroponic system under greenhouse conditions. Plants were evaluated under identical nutritional conditions but treated with different concentrations of SA. The sampled plants were sectioned into three parts (leaves, stem and root), and the effect of AS on morphological characteristics, the amount of dry organic matter and quantification of reducing sugars was evaluated. AS had a differential effect on the two agave species evaluated. In terms of dry organic matter, a significant increase was observed in the stem when 1 µMol/L was applied to Agave cupreata, while in Agave salmiana the best treatment showed a high concentration of organic dry matter in the root when 3.6 µMol/L of AS was applied. A significant increase in reducing sugars (76 g/100 g) occurred in the stem and leaf of Agave salmiana when 1 µMol/L of AS was applied, with the leaf showing the greatest increase in biomass in both agave species. Growth, biomass, and the concentration of reducing sugars decreased as a negative effect of applying AS at a concentration of 72 µMol/L. Growing agave plants under greenhouse conditions in semi-hydroponic systems is a strategy that can help agave plants boost their growth rate and increase their biomass, which translates into faster production of reducing sugars by making photosynthesis more efficient. Furthermore, irrigation water is saved, making it an environmentally friendly strategy that helps reduce the impact of global warming. Finally, this knowledge can be extrapolated to plants with CAM metabolism. Agave plants increase their biomass and reduce sugar content at low concentrations of salicylic acid, while at high concentrations it can produce an inhibitory effect.
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