Análisis de la diversidad genética en cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) y pataxte (T. bicolor Humb. & Bonpl.) de los estados de Tabasco y Chiapas, México

Fernanda Sarahi Hernández Montes; Guadalupe Concepción Rodríguez Castillejos; Guillermo Castañón Nájera; Octelina Ruiz Castillo; Christian Asur Christian Asur; Hernán Wenceslao Araujo Torres; Régulo Ruíz Salazar

doi:10.18387/polibotanica.60.17

Authors

MC Fernanda Hernández University Autonomous of Tamaulipas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-068X
Guadalupe Concepción Rodríguez Castillejos University Autonomous of Tamaulipas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0205-9340
Guillermo Castañón Nájera Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-0421
Octelina Ruiz Castillo Autonomous University of Tamaulipas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-3584
Christian Asur Pérez Obrador Postgraduate College https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7483-0304
Hernán Wenceslao Araujo Torres National Technological Institute of Mexico https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4140-4318
Régulo Ruíz Salazar Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6579-6458

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.60.17

Keywords:

Bayesian analysis, genetic diversity, germplasm, molecular markers

Abstract

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. However, there is other native species growth locally in the southern states of Tabasco and Chiapas in Mexico, the pataxte (T. bicolor Hump & Bonpl). Phenotypically cacao and pataxte are very similar and they share the same geographical origin but little is known about their genetic relationship. The objective of this research was to conduct an analysis of genetic diversity among native species of cacao and pataxte in south Mexico. We collected 46 accessions, which included four cacao genetic groups (Calabacillo, Guayaquil, Criollo rojo and Criollo blanco) and one pataxte. DNA purification was performed in order to amplify two microsatellite markers, MTcCIR11 and MTcCIR12 previously reported as informative in genetic diversity studies in cacao. For the diversity analyses we calculated the diversity indexes such as the number of alleles by population, effective number of alleles (ne), observed and expected heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and inbreeding coefficient. The allelic range observed in MTcCIR11 was 121-313 bp and in MTcCIR12 was 190-232 bp. For each marker we found five alleles with an effective number of alleles of Calabacillo=1.78, Guayaquil=2.63, Pataxte=2.69, Criollo Rojo=1.5 and Criollo Blanco=4. Observed heterozygosity was lower than the expected with exception of cacao groups Criollo blanco and Criollo rojo. In the AMOVA test we found a variance of 5% between populations and 67% among individuals from different populations. Our partial results point that the highest ne is found within the criollo species of cacao.

Author Biographies

MC Fernanda Hernández, University Autonomous of Tamaulipas

Professor Hernández Montes is a graduate of the Master's Program in Food Science and Technology and is currently dedicated to teaching and research.
Guadalupe Concepción Rodríguez Castillejos, University Autonomous of Tamaulipas

The professor Rodríguez, is currently a full-time research professor at the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas.
Guillermo Castañón Nájera, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco

Professor Castañón is currently a full-time researcher at the Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco and holds a PhD in Genetics from the College of Postgraduate, Montecillo Campus.
Octelina Ruiz Castillo, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas

Octelina Castillo is currently a full-time research professor at the Reynosa Aztlán Multidisciplinary Academic Unit. She has published several papers on functional foods and new product development.
Christian Asur Pérez Obrador, Postgraduate College

Professor Asur Obrador is currently a student in the Doctorate program in Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Tabasco Campus).
Hernán Wenceslao Araujo Torres, National Technological Institute of Mexico

Hernán Araujo is a part-time professor, holds a PhD in Advanced Technology from CICATA IPN, and his field of study is genetics and molecular markers.
Régulo Ruíz Salazar, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas

Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos; Profesor de Tiempo completo

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