Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the survival and growth of Dalbergia congestiflora plants propagated in vitro and from seed under greenhouse conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.60.15Keywords:
Campincerán, calidad de planta, propagación in vitro, propagación por semillaAbstract
Tree species with a threatened status face propagation difficulties, and those plants that manage to survive require specific strategies to counteract their reduced growth and development. Among the most commonly used strategies are fertilization and the addition of beneficial microorganisms, such as endomycorrhizal fungi. The species Dalbergia congestiflora Pittier (Fabaceae) is threatened and has survival difficulties both in greenhouse and field cultivation due to its poor plant quality. The specific objective of this research is to determine the effect of adding endomycorrhizae to D. congestiflora plants, both micropropagated (asexual propagation) and seed-propagated (sexual propagation), on the growth and development of plants grown in a greenhouse, in order to ensure high survival rates. The micropropagated plants were developed by induction and multiplication of shoots in vitro from calluses, which were then rooted to regenerate plantlets. These plantlets were successfully acclimatized and cultivated in a greenhouse. On the other hand, D. congestiflora seeds were germinated in Petri dishes with moist filter paper, and once seedlings developed, these were grown in a greenhouse. Both types of plants were inoculated with commercial endomycorrhizae at three spore concentrations (80, 128, and 176 spores per plant) and a control (0 spores). Under greenhouse conditions, growth parameters such as survival, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and canopy cover were evaluated over 180 days. Survival of micropropagated and seed-grown plants was higher in the treatments inoculated with endomycorrhizae. Micropropagated plants without inoculation showed no significant differences in height, stem diameter, or number of leaves compared to the inoculated treatments. However, in seed-propagated plants, greater values for height and number of leaflets were observed in the treatment with 176 spores per plant compared to the other treatments. The difference was most significant at 180 days post-inoculation. Mycorrhizal D. congestiflora plants, from both propagation systems, showed the highest percentages of survival and plant height.
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